2026,Vol. 43(1): 1
特约综述
免疫分析法在水产饲料和水产品生物毒素检测中的应用
谢晓筱1， 万红岩1， 李岳冰1， 陶飞燕1， 张凌晶1， 金腾川2， 曹敏杰1， 陈玉磊1
1. 集美大学 海洋食品与生物工程学院， 厦门 361021；
2. 中国科学技术大学 生命科学与医学部， 合肥 230027
Application of immunoassays in biotoxin detection in aquatic feed and products
XIE Xiaoxiao1, WAN Hongyan1, LI Yuebing1, TAO Feiyan1, ZHANG Lingjing1,JIN Tengchuan2, CAO Minjie1, CHEN Yulei1
1. College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China;
2. Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230007, China
摘要： 水产品作为人类重要的蛋白质来源，其全产业链面临生物毒素污染的多重风险。针对传统毒素检测方法存在的仪器依赖性强、前处理复杂、检测周期长等技术瓶颈，本文系统阐述了免疫分析法在生物毒素检测中的应用优势，重点归纳总结了真菌毒素、细菌毒素、藻类毒素和贝类毒素等主要生物毒素的特异性抗体及其免疫学检测方法的研究进展。最后，基于纳米抗体的分子特性，探讨其作为新一代检测介质在水产饲料和水产品安全检测领域的应用潜力与发展前景。本文旨在为生物毒素的快速检测技术开发提供理论参考和技术支持。
关键词： 水产饲料,
水产品,
生物毒素,
免疫分析检测,
食品安全,
纳米抗体
Abstract: Aquatic products are
essential protein sources for humans, yet their supply chains are
vulnerable to various biological toxin risks. To overcome the technical
challenges of conventional detection methods, such as heavy reliance on
sophisticated instruments, complex sample pretreatment, and prolonged
analysis time, this review systematically highlighted the benefits of
immunoassays in biotoxin detection. It comprehensively summarized the
research advancements in specific antibodies and immunoanalytical
methods for major biotoxins, such as mycotoxins, bacterial toxins, algal
toxins, and shellfish toxins. Finally, based on the molecular
characteristics of nanobodies, this review explored their potential as a
next-generation detection tools for monitoring aquatic feed and product
safety, along with future development prospects. The findings aimed to
provide theoretical insights and technical support for the development
ofrapid biotoxin detection technologies.
Key words: aquatic feed,
aquatic product,
biotoxin,
immunoassay,
food safety,
nanobody
收稿日期:
基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFD2401904）； 福建省自然科学基金项目（2021J01838）
作者简介: 谢晓筱，硕士研究生，研究方向为小分子毒素检测，E-mail：474693360@qq.com